Crude oil export, fiscal metering
CoriolisHydrocarbon liquid · DN80 · ~120 m³/h · ±0.2% required · custody transfer · hazardous area
Why this technology: Non-conductive hydrocarbon rules out electromagnetic. Fiscal accuracy (±0.2%) and direct mass measurement point to Coriolis, with ATEX-rated models available for offshore duty. Cost is justified by the value of the metered product.
Power generation & oil/gas →Municipal potable water distribution
ElectromagneticTreated water (conductive) · DN300 · wide flow range · ±0.5% · continuous monitoring
Why this technology: Conductive water on a large bore is the classic electromagnetic case: zero pressure loss, strong turndown, and far lower cost than Coriolis at DN300. No moving parts suits continuous municipal duty.
Water & wastewater →Saturated steam to a process heat exchanger
VortexSaturated steam · DN50 · high temperature · energy billing · moderate turndown
Why this technology: Steam is non-conductive and hot, ruling out electromagnetic and most Coriolis duties. Vortex handles high-temperature steam with no moving parts and good repeatability for energy accounting — provided the minimum flow stays above the Reynolds cut-off.
HVAC & district heating →District heating retrofit on an existing large main
Ultrasonic (clamp-on)Hot water (conductive) · DN500 · no shutdown possible · ±1% · energy metering
Why this technology: A non-invasive clamp-on ultrasonic meter avoids cutting the pipe or interrupting supply, covers the large bore economically, and offers the turndown needed for variable heating load. In-line mag would also work but requires breaking into the line.
HVAC & district heating →Abrasive mineral slurry in mining
ElectromagneticConductive slurry with solids · DN150 · abrasive · ±1% · process control
Why this technology: The unobstructed bore and abrasion-resistant liners make electromagnetic ideal for conductive slurries — turbine and vortex would erode quickly, and the solids content rules out transit-time ultrasonic.
Mining & slurry →